Which are the symptoms of Ankylosing Spondylitis?

Symptoms of Ankylosing Spondylitis

Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the spine, causing pain, stiffness, and eventually fusion of the vertebrae. However, AS can also affect other parts of the body, leading to a wide range of symptoms. It is important to recognize these symptoms early on to ensure timely diagnosis and appropriate management of the condition.

1. Back Pain and Stiffness

Back pain is the hallmark symptom of Ankylosing Spondylitis. It typically starts in the lower back and buttocks and gradually progresses upwards. The pain is often dull and persistent, and it may be worse in the morning or after periods of inactivity. Stiffness is another common symptom, especially in the morning or after prolonged periods of rest. The stiffness tends to improve with movement and exercise.

2. Reduced Spinal Mobility

As Ankylosing Spondylitis progresses, it can lead to reduced spinal mobility. The inflammation in the spine can cause the vertebrae to fuse together, resulting in a loss of flexibility. This can make it difficult to perform certain movements, such as bending or twisting. In severe cases, fusion of the spine can lead to a stooped or hunched posture.

3. Pain and Swelling in Other Joints

While the spine is primarily affected, Ankylosing Spondylitis can also cause pain and swelling in other joints, known as peripheral arthritis. The most commonly affected joints include the hips, shoulders, knees, and ankles. The joint pain is typically worse in the morning or after periods of inactivity, and it may improve with exercise.

4. Enthesitis

Enthesitis refers to the inflammation of the entheses, which are the sites where tendons or ligaments attach to the bones. In Ankylosing Spondylitis, enthesitis commonly affects the areas around the heels, causing heel pain. It can also occur in other areas, such as the elbows, hips, or chest wall. Enthesitis can make it painful to perform activities that involve the affected tendons or ligaments.

5. Fatigue

Many individuals with Ankylosing Spondylitis experience fatigue, which is a persistent feeling of tiredness or lack of energy. Fatigue can be caused by the chronic inflammation in the body, as well as the physical and emotional toll of living with a chronic condition. It can significantly impact daily activities and quality of life.

6. Eye Inflammation

Eye inflammation, known as uveitis or iritis, is a common extra-articular manifestation of Ankylosing Spondylitis. It can cause redness, pain, sensitivity to light, and blurred vision. Prompt medical attention is necessary if any symptoms of eye inflammation occur, as untreated uveitis can lead to complications and vision loss.

7. Chest Pain and Breathing Difficulties

In some cases, Ankylosing Spondylitis can affect the joints between the ribs and the spine, leading to chest pain. This pain may worsen with deep breathing or coughing. Additionally, the inflammation in the chest wall can restrict lung expansion, causing breathing difficulties. It is important to seek medical evaluation if experiencing chest pain or breathing problems.

8. Inflammatory Bowel Disease

An association has been observed between Ankylosing Spondylitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. Symptoms of IBD can include abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and weight loss. If these symptoms occur, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional for appropriate evaluation and management.

9. Generalized Symptoms

Some individuals with Ankylosing Spondylitis may experience generalized symptoms that affect the entire body. These can include fever, loss of appetite, weight loss, and a general feeling of being unwell. These symptoms are typically associated with periods of increased disease activity and inflammation.

If you experience any of these symptoms, especially persistent back pain and stiffness, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis. An early diagnosis of Ankylosing Spondylitis can help in managing the condition effectively and preventing long-term complications.