Bejel, also known as endemic syphilis, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It is primarily found in arid regions of Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Bejel shares similarities with syphilis but has distinct characteristics and a milder course of infection.
Primary Stage:
The primary stage of bejel typically begins with a painless sore called a chancre. This sore usually appears on the genitals, mouth, or anus, but can also occur on other parts of the body. The chancre develops within 10-90 days after exposure to the bacteria. Unlike syphilis, the bejel chancre is usually not as firm and may go unnoticed due to its painless nature.
Secondary Stage:
If left untreated, bejel progresses to the secondary stage. This stage is characterized by a variety of symptoms that can affect multiple body systems. Common symptoms include:
Tertiary Stage:
If bejel remains untreated for an extended period, it can progress to the tertiary stage. However, unlike syphilis, the tertiary stage of bejel is rare. Tertiary bejel can manifest as:
Latent Stage:
Between the secondary and tertiary stages, bejel can enter a latent stage where no visible symptoms are present. However, the infection remains in the body and can be transmitted to others.
Diagnosis and Treatment:
Diagnosing bejel involves a combination of clinical evaluation, medical history, and laboratory tests. Blood tests can detect antibodies against Treponema pallidum to confirm the infection.
Bejel can be effectively treated with antibiotics, such as penicillin, which can eliminate the bacteria and prevent further complications. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent the progression of the disease.
Prevention:
Preventing bejel involves practicing safe sexual behaviors, including the use of barrier methods such as condoms. Regular screening for sexually transmitted infections is also important, especially in high-risk populations.