What is Castleman disease

Castleman disease, also known as Castleman syndrome or angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia, is a rare and complex disorder of the lymphatic system. It is characterized by abnormal growth of lymph nodes, which can occur in a single region or multiple areas of the body. Castleman disease can be classified into two main types: unicentric and multicentric.

Unicentric Castleman disease typically involves a single enlarged lymph node or a group of lymph nodes in a specific region, most commonly in the chest or abdomen. It is usually asymptomatic or presents with mild symptoms, and surgical removal of the affected lymph node(s) is often curative.

Multicentric Castleman disease is more aggressive and affects multiple lymph nodes throughout the body. It can cause various systemic symptoms, such as fever, night sweats, fatigue, weight loss, and enlarged liver or spleen. This form of Castleman disease is associated with an overactive immune response and can lead to serious complications, including organ failure and an increased risk of developing lymphoma.

The exact cause of Castleman disease is still unknown, and there is no specific cure. Treatment options depend on the type and severity of the disease and may include surgery, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or targeted drug therapy. Ongoing medical monitoring and management are crucial to control symptoms and prevent complications.