Which are the symptoms of Kleine-Levin syndrome?

Symptoms of Kleine-Levin Syndrome

Kleine-Levin Syndrome (KLS), also known as "Sleeping Beauty Syndrome," is a rare neurological disorder characterized by recurring episodes of excessive sleepiness and altered behavior. These episodes, often referred to as "episodes of hypersomnia," can last for days, weeks, or even months. During these episodes, individuals with KLS experience a profound need for sleep, often sleeping for 18 to 20 hours a day or more. Let's explore the symptoms of Kleine-Levin Syndrome in more detail:

1. Excessive Sleepiness:

The hallmark symptom of KLS is excessive sleepiness or hypersomnia. During an episode, individuals may sleep for extended periods, often waking up only to eat or use the bathroom. This excessive sleepiness is not relieved by normal sleep and can persist for days to weeks.

2. Altered Behavior:

Aside from excessive sleepiness, individuals with KLS may also experience altered behavior during episodes. This can include a range of symptoms such as:

• Hyperphagia: Increased appetite and excessive eating, often leading to weight gain.


• Disinhibited Behavior: Individuals may exhibit impulsive or uninhibited behavior, acting out of character during episodes.


• Emotional Disturbances: Mood swings, irritability, and emotional instability can occur.


• Cognitive Impairment: Difficulties with concentration, memory, and decision-making may be present.


• Sexual Disinhibition: Some individuals may experience increased sexual drive or inappropriate sexual behavior during episodes.

3. Cognitive Dysfunction:

Cognitive dysfunction is another common symptom of KLS. During episodes, individuals may experience difficulties with thinking, memory, and concentration. This can significantly impact their ability to perform daily tasks and engage in academic or professional activities.

4. Recurring Episodes:

KLS is characterized by recurring episodes of excessive sleepiness and altered behavior. These episodes can occur sporadically, with symptom-free periods in between, or they may have a more regular pattern. The frequency and duration of episodes can vary from person to person.

5. Hypersensitivity to Stimuli:

Individuals with KLS may exhibit hypersensitivity to stimuli during episodes. They may become easily overwhelmed by noise, light, or other sensory inputs, leading to increased irritability or discomfort.

6. Depersonalization:

Depersonalization is a symptom that some individuals with KLS may experience. They may feel detached from their own body or have a sense of unreality during episodes, further contributing to the overall distress caused by the syndrome.

7. Duration of Episodes:

The duration of KLS episodes can vary widely. Some individuals may experience episodes that last for a few days, while others may have episodes that persist for weeks or even months. The length of symptom-free periods between episodes also varies.

8. Onset and Triggers:

KLS typically onsets during adolescence, although it can also occur in childhood or adulthood. The exact cause of KLS is unknown, but episodes can be triggered by factors such as infections, stress, alcohol consumption, or sleep deprivation.

It is important to note that the symptoms of KLS can significantly impact the individual's daily life, relationships, and overall well-being. Seeking medical attention and support from healthcare professionals is crucial for proper diagnosis, management, and support.