What is Leprosy

Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin, peripheral nerves, and mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. Leprosy is characterized by the development of skin lesions, nerve damage, and a weakened immune response.

Leprosy is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. However, it is not highly contagious and requires prolonged close contact for transmission to occur. The disease mainly affects individuals with a weakened immune system, and it has a long incubation period, ranging from months to years.

Early symptoms of leprosy include pale or reddish skin patches with reduced sensation. As the disease progresses, thickened and discolored skin lesions, nodules, and deformities may appear. If left untreated, leprosy can cause permanent nerve damage, leading to loss of sensation and muscle weakness.

Fortunately, leprosy is curable with multidrug therapy (MDT), a combination of antibiotics that kills the bacteria and prevents further transmission. MDT is provided free of charge by the World Health Organization (WHO) to all patients worldwide.

Efforts to eliminate leprosy as a public health problem have been successful in many countries, but stigma and discrimination against affected individuals persist. Raising awareness, promoting early diagnosis, and ensuring access to treatment are crucial in combating leprosy and improving the lives of those affected.