Is Nodding disease contagious?

Is Nodding Disease Contagious?

Nodding disease, also known as nodding syndrome, is a neurological condition that primarily affects children in certain regions of East Africa, particularly South Sudan, Uganda, and Tanzania. It is characterized by repetitive nodding movements, seizures, cognitive impairments, and stunted growth. While the exact cause of nodding disease is still unknown, it is believed to be associated with a parasitic infection called Onchocerca volvulus, which is transmitted through the bites of blackflies.

When it comes to the contagiousness of nodding disease, it is important to note that it is not directly transmitted from person to person. Unlike infectious diseases such as the flu or measles, nodding disease does not spread through respiratory droplets or physical contact with an infected individual.

However, it is crucial to understand that the transmission of the underlying parasite, Onchocerca volvulus, can occur through the bites of infected blackflies. These blackflies breed near fast-flowing rivers and streams, and their bites can introduce the parasite into the human bloodstream. Therefore, individuals living in or traveling to areas where the blackflies are prevalent are at risk of acquiring the parasite and potentially developing nodding disease.

Preventive measures

To reduce the risk of nodding disease, it is important to take preventive measures against blackfly bites. This includes:

• Wearing protective clothing such as long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and hats


• Using insect repellents on exposed skin


• Sleeping under bed nets or in well-screened areas to avoid blackfly bites during the night


• Avoiding outdoor activities during peak blackfly biting times, typically early morning and late afternoon

Additionally, efforts to control blackfly populations and improve access to clean water sources can help reduce the transmission of Onchocerca volvulus and ultimately decrease the incidence of nodding disease.

In conclusion, nodding disease is not contagious in the traditional sense of person-to-person transmission. However, the underlying parasite that is associated with nodding disease can be transmitted through the bites of infected blackflies. Taking preventive measures to avoid blackfly bites is crucial in reducing the risk of acquiring the parasite and developing nodding disease.