How is Reactive Arthritis diagnosed?

Reactive arthritis, also known as Reiter's syndrome, is a type of inflammatory arthritis that typically occurs as a reaction to an infection in another part of the body. It commonly affects the joints, eyes, and urinary tract. Diagnosing reactive arthritis can be challenging as it shares symptoms with other forms of arthritis and can vary from person to person. However, healthcare professionals employ several methods to accurately diagnose this condition.

Medical History: The first step in diagnosing reactive arthritis is obtaining a detailed medical history from the patient. The doctor will ask about the symptoms experienced, their duration, and any recent infections or illnesses. This information helps in identifying potential triggers and ruling out other conditions.

Physical Examination: A thorough physical examination is conducted to assess the patient's joints, skin, and other affected areas. The doctor will look for signs of inflammation, such as swelling, redness, and tenderness in the joints. They may also examine the eyes, skin, and genitals for any associated symptoms.

Laboratory Tests: Several laboratory tests are performed to support the diagnosis of reactive arthritis. These tests help identify markers of inflammation and rule out other conditions. The most commonly ordered tests include:

• Joint Fluid Analysis: A sample of fluid from an affected joint is collected and analyzed to check for signs of inflammation, infection, or crystals.


• Blood Tests: Blood samples are taken to measure various markers, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP), which indicate the presence of inflammation in the body.


• Genetic Testing: In some cases, genetic testing may be recommended to check for the presence of the HLA-B27 gene, which is associated with reactive arthritis.


• Microbiological Tests: Tests may be conducted to detect the presence of specific bacteria or viruses that could have triggered the reactive arthritis.

Imaging Studies: X-rays, ultrasounds, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans may be ordered to assess the extent of joint damage and rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.

Consultation with Specialists: Depending on the symptoms and affected areas, the doctor may refer the patient to specialists for further evaluation. This may include ophthalmologists for eye-related symptoms, urologists for urinary tract symptoms, or rheumatologists for comprehensive arthritis management.

It is important to note that the diagnosis of reactive arthritis is often based on a combination of clinical findings, laboratory results, and exclusion of other conditions. The process may require multiple visits and tests to reach a definitive diagnosis.

If you suspect you may have reactive arthritis, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.