Which are the symptoms of Sheehan Syndrome?

Sheehan Syndrome: Symptoms and Signs

Sheehan Syndrome, also known as postpartum pituitary gland necrosis, is a rare condition that occurs due to severe blood loss during childbirth. It is characterized by the inadequate functioning of the pituitary gland, which is responsible for producing various hormones that regulate essential bodily functions. The symptoms of Sheehan Syndrome can vary from person to person, but there are several common signs to be aware of.

1. Failure to lactate (inadequate milk production)

One of the primary symptoms of Sheehan Syndrome is the inability to produce enough breast milk for breastfeeding. This occurs due to the damage to the pituitary gland, which affects the production of prolactin, the hormone responsible for milk production. Women with Sheehan Syndrome may struggle to initiate or maintain breastfeeding.

2. Amenorrhea (absence of menstrual periods)

Another significant symptom of Sheehan Syndrome is the absence of menstrual periods, known as amenorrhea. The pituitary gland plays a crucial role in regulating the menstrual cycle by producing hormones such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). When the pituitary gland is damaged, it can disrupt the normal hormonal balance, leading to irregular or absent periods.

3. Fatigue and weakness

Sheehan Syndrome can cause persistent fatigue and weakness due to the hormonal imbalances it creates. The pituitary gland produces hormones that regulate energy levels, such as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). When these hormones are deficient, individuals may experience chronic fatigue, weakness, and a general lack of energy.

4. Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid)

The pituitary gland also controls the production of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones. In Sheehan Syndrome, the pituitary gland's dysfunction can lead to an underactive thyroid, resulting in symptoms such as weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, and constipation.

5. Low blood pressure

Damage to the pituitary gland can affect the production of vasopressin, a hormone that helps regulate blood pressure. As a result, individuals with Sheehan Syndrome may experience low blood pressure, which can lead to dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting spells.

6. Loss of pubic and axillary hair

Sheehan Syndrome can cause a loss of pubic and axillary hair in women. This occurs due to the disruption of the hormonal balance, particularly the deficiency of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which are responsible for the development and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics.

7. Cold intolerance

Individuals with Sheehan Syndrome may experience intolerance to cold temperatures. This is often associated with the underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) caused by the dysfunction of the pituitary gland.

If you suspect you may have Sheehan Syndrome or are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment. Sheehan Syndrome can be managed with hormone replacement therapy to restore the deficient hormones and alleviate the associated symptoms.