Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder characterized by abnormal production of hemoglobin, the protein responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells. It is typically inherited from parents who carry the mutated genes.
There are two main types of thalassemia: alpha thalassemia and beta thalassemia. The severity of the condition varies depending on the number of affected genes and the specific mutations involved.
Individuals with thalassemia may experience symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath. In severe cases, it can lead to complications like anemia, bone deformities, and organ damage.
Treatment for thalassemia aims to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. This may involve blood transfusions, iron chelation therapy, and, in some cases, bone marrow transplantation.
Early diagnosis and genetic counseling are crucial for individuals with a family history of thalassemia. Prenatal testing and carrier screening can help identify the condition before birth or determine if someone carries the mutated genes.