Which are the symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis?

Symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder that affects the communication between nerves and muscles. It is characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue, which worsens with activity and improves with rest. The symptoms of MG can vary widely from person to person, and they can range from mild to severe. Here are some of the common symptoms associated with Myasthenia Gravis:

1. Muscle Weakness

Muscle weakness is the hallmark symptom of Myasthenia Gravis. It typically starts in the muscles that control eye movements, facial expressions, chewing, and swallowing. This weakness can progress to other muscles, including those in the neck, arms, and legs. The weakness is often more pronounced after periods of activity or prolonged muscle use.

2. Ptosis

Ptosis, or drooping of the eyelids, is a common symptom of MG. It occurs due to weakness in the muscles that control the eyelids. Ptosis can affect one or both eyes and may worsen as the day progresses or with prolonged use of the eye muscles.

3. Diplopia

Diplopia, also known as double vision, is another common symptom of MG. It occurs when the muscles that control eye movements are weak, causing the eyes to not align properly. This can result in seeing two images instead of one. Double vision may improve when one eye is closed.

4. Difficulty Speaking and Swallowing

Myasthenia Gravis can affect the muscles involved in speech and swallowing. Difficulty speaking may manifest as slurred speech, a soft or nasal voice, or changes in the pitch of the voice. Difficulty swallowing, known as dysphagia, can cause choking, coughing, or a feeling of food getting stuck in the throat.

5. Weakness in Limbs

MG can also cause weakness in the limbs, including the arms and legs. This weakness may make it challenging to perform tasks that require fine motor skills, such as writing or buttoning a shirt. Walking or climbing stairs may become difficult due to leg weakness.

6. Fatigue

Fatigue is a common symptom experienced by individuals with Myasthenia Gravis. The muscle weakness and effort required to compensate for it can lead to increased fatigue, both physical and mental. Fatigue tends to worsen as the day progresses and with prolonged activity.

7. Respiratory Difficulties

In severe cases of Myasthenia Gravis, weakness can affect the muscles involved in breathing, leading to respiratory difficulties. This can result in shortness of breath, shallow breathing, or the need for assisted ventilation.

8. Facial Weakness

Facial weakness is a common symptom of MG and can manifest as a drooping of the face or difficulty making facial expressions. This can affect the ability to smile, close the eyes tightly, or raise the eyebrows.

9. Worsening of Symptoms with Activity

One characteristic feature of Myasthenia Gravis is the worsening of symptoms with activity or prolonged muscle use. The muscle weakness and fatigue tend to improve with rest and may fluctuate throughout the day.

10. Remission and Exacerbation

Myasthenia Gravis is a chronic condition that can have periods of remission (when symptoms improve or disappear) and exacerbation (when symptoms worsen). These fluctuations can occur spontaneously or be triggered by factors such as stress, illness, or certain medications.

If you experience any of these symptoms or suspect you may have Myasthenia Gravis, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and appropriate management.