Acanthamoeba keratitis is a rare but serious eye infection caused by a microscopic organism called Acanthamoeba. This amoeba is commonly found in soil, water, and other environments. When it comes into contact with the eye, it can cause a painful and potentially sight-threatening infection.
The infection typically affects contact lens wearers, especially those who do not follow proper lens hygiene practices. Acanthamoeba can enter the eye through contaminated water, contact lens solutions, or by swimming or showering while wearing lenses.
Symptoms of Acanthamoeba keratitis may include severe eye pain, redness, blurred vision, sensitivity to light, excessive tearing, and the feeling of a foreign body in the eye. If left untreated, it can lead to corneal ulcers and scarring, potentially resulting in permanent vision loss.
Diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis involves a thorough eye examination, including a detailed medical history and specialized tests to identify the presence of the amoeba.
Treatment typically involves a combination of antifungal and antiseptic eye drops, along with the use of a bandage contact lens to protect the cornea. In severe cases, surgery may be required to remove infected tissue or corneal transplantation may be necessary.
Prevention is crucial in avoiding Acanthamoeba keratitis. Proper contact lens hygiene, such as regular cleaning and disinfection, avoiding tap water for lens care, and replacing lenses as recommended, can significantly reduce the risk of infection.