Which are the symptoms of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis?

Symptoms of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare neurological disorder that primarily affects the central nervous system. It is characterized by inflammation in the brain and spinal cord, leading to a variety of symptoms. ADEM often occurs following an infection or vaccination, although the exact cause is not fully understood.

1. Neurological Symptoms: ADEM typically presents with a rapid onset of neurological symptoms, which may include:

• Headache: Severe headaches are a common early symptom of ADEM.


• Altered mental status: Confusion, disorientation, and changes in behavior or personality may occur.


• Seizures: Some individuals with ADEM may experience seizures, which are sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain.


• Weakness: Muscle weakness or paralysis, often affecting one side of the body, may occur.


• Loss of coordination: ADEM can lead to problems with balance, coordination, and fine motor skills.


• Visual disturbances: Blurred vision, double vision, or even blindness can occur.

2. Sensory Symptoms: ADEM can also affect sensory functions, leading to:

• Numbness or tingling: Some individuals may experience a sensation of pins and needles or loss of sensation in certain areas of the body.


• Pain: ADEM can cause various types of pain, such as headache, back pain, or limb pain.

3. Fatigue and General Symptoms: ADEM may cause general symptoms that can impact daily life, including:

• Fatigue: Many individuals with ADEM experience extreme tiredness and lack of energy.


• Fever: A high body temperature may be present, especially during the acute phase of the illness.


• Loss of appetite: A decreased desire to eat or weight loss may occur.


• Nausea and vomiting: Some individuals may experience gastrointestinal symptoms.

4. Other Possible Symptoms: In some cases, ADEM can lead to additional symptoms, such as:

• Difficulty speaking or swallowing: ADEM may affect the muscles involved in speech and swallowing.


• Bladder or bowel dysfunction: Problems with urination or bowel movements can occur.


• Mood changes: ADEM may cause emotional instability, depression, or anxiety.

It is important to note that the severity and combination of symptoms can vary widely among individuals with ADEM. Some individuals may experience only mild symptoms, while others may have more severe and debilitating manifestations.

If you or someone you know is experiencing any of these symptoms, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly. ADEM requires a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional, including neurological examinations and imaging tests, to make an accurate diagnosis and determine the appropriate treatment plan.