Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that affects the immune system. It is caused by the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a retrovirus that infects T-cells, a type of white blood cell.
ATL primarily affects adults, typically those in their 40s or 50s, who have been infected with HTLV-1 for a prolonged period of time. The virus is transmitted through various routes, including sexual contact, blood transfusions, and breastfeeding.
ATL can manifest in different ways, including aggressive leukemia, lymphoma, or a combination of both. Symptoms may vary but commonly include fatigue, enlarged lymph nodes, skin lesions, and organ dysfunction.
Diagnosis of ATL involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests, imaging scans, and biopsies. Treatment options depend on the stage and subtype of ATL, but may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplantation, and targeted therapies.
Prognosis for ATL is generally poor, with a median survival rate of less than a year. However, outcomes can vary depending on the subtype and response to treatment. Regular monitoring and early intervention are crucial for managing the disease.