African Iron Overload, also known as hereditary hemochromatosis type 4 (HH4), is a genetic disorder characterized by excessive accumulation of iron in the body. It primarily affects individuals of African descent, hence the name.
Iron overload occurs when the body absorbs and stores more iron than it needs. In African Iron Overload, this excess iron builds up in various organs and tissues, including the liver, heart, pancreas, and joints.
Common symptoms of African Iron Overload include fatigue, joint pain, abdominal pain, and an enlarged liver. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as liver cirrhosis, diabetes, heart problems, and arthritis.
African Iron Overload is caused by mutations in the SLC40A1 gene, which is responsible for regulating iron absorption in the body. These mutations disrupt the normal iron balance, leading to iron overload.
Diagnosis of African Iron Overload involves genetic testing to identify the specific mutations in the SLC40A1 gene. Treatment typically involves regular blood removal (phlebotomy) to reduce iron levels and manage symptoms. Additionally, dietary changes may be recommended to limit iron intake.
It is important for individuals of African descent to be aware of African Iron Overload and its potential health implications. Early detection and management can significantly improve outcomes and prevent complications.