How is Avoidant / Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) diagnosed?

How is Avoidant / Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) diagnosed?

Avoidant / Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is a relatively new diagnosis that falls under the category of feeding and eating disorders. It is characterized by a persistent and limited food intake that results in significant weight loss, nutritional deficiencies, and/or interference with psychosocial functioning. Unlike other eating disorders, ARFID is not driven by body image concerns or a desire for weight loss, but rather by an avoidance or restriction of certain foods due to sensory sensitivities, fear of aversive consequences, or lack of interest in eating.

Diagnosing ARFID involves a comprehensive assessment by a healthcare professional, typically a psychiatrist, psychologist, or a registered dietitian. The diagnostic process includes:

1. Medical Evaluation: The first step in diagnosing ARFID is ruling out any underlying medical conditions that may be causing or contributing to the eating difficulties. This may involve a physical examination, blood tests, and other medical investigations to assess the individual's overall health and identify any potential physiological factors.


2. Psychological Evaluation: A thorough psychological evaluation is conducted to assess the individual's eating behaviors, thoughts, and emotions. This may involve interviews, questionnaires, and psychological assessments to gather information about the individual's relationship with food, body image, and any co-occurring mental health conditions.


3. Dietary Assessment: A registered dietitian may be involved in assessing the individual's dietary intake and nutritional status. This may include a review of the individual's food preferences, eating habits, and any specific nutritional deficiencies or imbalances that may be present.


4. Diagnostic Criteria: The healthcare professional will refer to the diagnostic criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) published by the American Psychiatric Association. ARFID is diagnosed when the individual meets the specific criteria, which include significant weight loss or failure to achieve expected weight gain, nutritional deficiencies, dependence on nutritional supplements, and/or significant psychosocial impairment.


5. Collateral Information: Gathering information from family members, caregivers, or other individuals involved in the individual's life can provide valuable insights into the person's eating behaviors and the impact it has on their daily functioning.

It is important to note that diagnosing ARFID requires a comprehensive evaluation and should be done by a qualified healthcare professional. The assessment process helps to differentiate ARFID from other eating disorders, as well as identify any underlying medical or psychological factors that may be contributing to the individual's eating difficulties. Once a diagnosis is made, appropriate treatment and support can be provided to help the individual overcome their challenges and improve their overall well-being.