Which are the symptoms of Bladder Exstrophy?

Symptoms of Bladder Exstrophy

Bladder exstrophy is a rare congenital condition that affects the development of the urinary system. It occurs when the bladder does not form properly during fetal development, leading to the bladder being exposed outside the body. This condition can have significant physical and psychological impacts on affected individuals. Here are the common symptoms associated with bladder exstrophy:

1. Visible bladder:

One of the most noticeable symptoms of bladder exstrophy is the presence of the bladder outside the body. The bladder is typically located on the lower abdomen, and its appearance can vary from a small protrusion to a larger, more visible mass. The exposed bladder is often red and moist, and it lacks the protective skin covering that normally surrounds it.

2. Abnormal urinary system:

Bladder exstrophy affects the entire urinary system, not just the bladder. As a result, individuals with this condition may experience various urinary abnormalities, including:

• Incontinence: The inability to control urine flow, leading to involuntary leakage.


• Frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs): The exposed bladder is more susceptible to infections, which can cause discomfort and other complications.


• Difficulty emptying the bladder: The abnormal positioning of the bladder and associated structures can make it challenging to completely empty the bladder, leading to residual urine and an increased risk of UTIs.


• Urinary reflux: The abnormal connection between the bladder and ureters can cause urine to flow backward, potentially leading to kidney damage if left untreated.

3. Pelvic floor abnormalities:

Bladder exstrophy can also affect the pelvic floor muscles and associated structures. This can result in:

• Weak pelvic floor muscles: The pelvic floor muscles may be underdeveloped or weakened, leading to difficulties with bladder and bowel control.


• Epispadias: In some cases, individuals with bladder exstrophy may also have a congenital abnormality called epispadias, where the urethra does not develop properly. This can cause urinary dysfunction and may require additional surgical interventions.

4. Genital abnormalities:

Bladder exstrophy can impact the development of the genitalia, leading to various abnormalities, such as:

• Separation of the pubic bones: The pubic bones may be separated, resulting in a wider gap between them.


• Malformed genitals: The external genitalia, including the penis or clitoris, may be underdeveloped or have an unusual appearance.

5. Psychological and social challenges:

Living with bladder exstrophy can have a significant impact on an individual's psychological well-being and social interactions. The visible nature of the condition and associated urinary challenges can lead to feelings of self-consciousness, embarrassment, and difficulties with body image. It is important for individuals with bladder exstrophy to receive appropriate emotional support and counseling to address these challenges.

It is crucial to note that the severity of symptoms can vary among individuals with bladder exstrophy. Some individuals may have milder forms of the condition with fewer complications, while others may experience more significant challenges. Early diagnosis and appropriate medical interventions, including surgical correction, can help manage the symptoms and improve the quality of life for individuals with bladder exstrophy.