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How is Brucellosis diagnosed?

See how Brucellosis is diagnosed. Which specialists are essential to meet, what tests are needed and other useful information for the diagnosis of Brucellosis

Brucellosis diagnosis

Brucellosis is a bacterial infection caused by the genus Brucella. It primarily affects animals but can also be transmitted to humans through direct contact with infected animals or consumption of contaminated animal products such as unpasteurized milk or undercooked meat. Diagnosing brucellosis involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and medical history.



Clinical Evaluation: The initial step in diagnosing brucellosis involves assessing the patient's symptoms and medical history. Common symptoms of brucellosis in humans include fever, fatigue, muscle aches, joint pain, and night sweats. The doctor will inquire about recent exposure to animals or consumption of animal products, as this information is crucial in suspecting brucellosis.



Laboratory Tests: Several laboratory tests are available to confirm the diagnosis of brucellosis. These tests aim to detect the presence of Brucella bacteria or the body's immune response to the infection.



Blood Tests: Blood cultures are the gold standard for diagnosing brucellosis. A sample of the patient's blood is collected and incubated to allow any Brucella bacteria present to grow. This process can take several days. Additionally, blood tests can measure specific antibodies produced by the immune system in response to the infection. These include the Rose Bengal test, the standard tube agglutination test (SAT), and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).



Bone Marrow Culture: In some cases, when blood cultures are negative, a bone marrow culture may be performed. This involves collecting a sample of bone marrow from the patient's hip bone under local anesthesia. The sample is then cultured to check for the presence of Brucella bacteria.



Imaging Tests: Imaging tests such as X-rays, ultrasounds, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be conducted to evaluate any potential complications of brucellosis, such as abscesses or organ damage.



Other Tests: Depending on the patient's symptoms and suspected complications, additional tests may be performed. These can include cerebrospinal fluid analysis, urine culture, or serological tests for specific organs.



It is important to consult a healthcare professional if brucellosis is suspected, as early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and long-term health issues. Treatment typically involves a combination of antibiotics for several weeks or months, depending on the severity of the infection.


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