Brucellosis, also known as undulant fever or Malta fever, is a highly contagious zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. It primarily affects animals, particularly domestic livestock such as cattle, goats, and sheep, but can also be transmitted to humans through direct contact with infected animals or consumption of contaminated animal products.
Undulant fever is a common synonym for brucellosis, referring to the characteristic recurring fever pattern observed in infected individuals. The name stems from the Latin word "undula," meaning wave, as the fever tends to rise and fall in a wave-like manner.
Another synonym for brucellosis is Malta fever, which originated from an outbreak in Malta in the 19th century. The disease was first identified and described by British army physician David Bruce during an investigation into the cause of the epidemic.
Brucellosis can manifest in various forms, including acute, subacute, and chronic. The symptoms may vary depending on the individual, but commonly include fever, chills, sweats, fatigue, joint and muscle pain, and headache. In severe cases, it can lead to complications affecting multiple organs, such as the heart, liver, and central nervous system.
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent the progression of brucellosis. Antibiotics, such as doxycycline and rifampin, are commonly prescribed to combat the infection. However, relapses can occur, necessitating prolonged treatment and close monitoring.
Prevention of brucellosis involves implementing strict measures in animal husbandry, including vaccination, regular testing, and proper disposal of infected materials. Additionally, practicing good hygiene, such as thorough cooking of animal products and wearing protective gear when handling animals, can reduce the risk of transmission to humans.
In conclusion, brucellosis, also referred to as undulant fever or Malta fever, is a highly contagious bacterial disease that affects both animals and humans. Recognizing the various synonyms associated with this condition can aid in understanding its historical significance and facilitate effective communication among healthcare professionals and the general public.