Which are the causes of Burning Mouth Syndrome?

Causes of Burning Mouth Syndrome

Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a condition characterized by a burning sensation in the mouth, often accompanied by a metallic or bitter taste. It can affect various parts of the mouth, including the tongue, lips, gums, and palate. While the exact cause of BMS is not fully understood, several factors have been identified as potential contributors to this condition.

1. Nerve Damage or Dysfunction

Nerve damage or dysfunction is considered one of the primary causes of Burning Mouth Syndrome. It is believed that damage to the nerves responsible for pain and taste sensations in the mouth can lead to the development of BMS. This damage can occur due to various factors, including trauma, infections, or underlying medical conditions.

2. Hormonal Imbalances

Hormonal imbalances have also been linked to the development of Burning Mouth Syndrome. Fluctuations in hormone levels, particularly during menopause, can affect the oral tissues and lead to symptoms of BMS. Estrogen deficiency, in particular, has been associated with an increased risk of developing this condition.

3. Oral Candidiasis

Oral candidiasis, commonly known as oral thrush, is a fungal infection that can cause burning sensations in the mouth. This infection is caused by an overgrowth of Candida fungus, which can occur due to factors such as weakened immune system, poor oral hygiene, or the use of certain medications like antibiotics or corticosteroids.

4. Nutritional Deficiencies

Nutritional deficiencies, especially deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals, can contribute to the development of Burning Mouth Syndrome. Lack of vitamin B12, iron, zinc, or folate can affect the health of oral tissues and lead to symptoms such as burning or tingling sensations in the mouth.

5. Allergies and Oral Irritants

Allergies to certain foods, oral care products, or dental materials can trigger Burning Mouth Syndrome in susceptible individuals. Additionally, oral irritants such as spicy or acidic foods, alcohol, tobacco, or certain medications can also exacerbate the symptoms of BMS.

6. Psychological Factors

Psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, or depression can play a role in the development or worsening of Burning Mouth Syndrome. Emotional distress can affect the nerve pathways involved in pain perception, leading to heightened sensations in the mouth.

7. Other Underlying Medical Conditions

Burning Mouth Syndrome can sometimes be a symptom of an underlying medical condition. Conditions such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, autoimmune diseases, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or certain oral conditions like oral lichen planus or glossitis can contribute to the development of BMS.

It is important to note that the causes of Burning Mouth Syndrome can vary from person to person, and often multiple factors may be involved. If you experience persistent burning sensations in your mouth, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.