Which are the symptoms of Cavernous Malformation?

A cavernous malformation, also known as a cavernous angioma or cavernoma, is a type of vascular abnormality that can occur in the brain or spinal cord. It is characterized by a cluster of abnormal blood vessels, which resemble small, mulberry-shaped cavities filled with blood.

Symptoms of cavernous malformation:

1. Seizures: One of the most common symptoms of cavernous malformation is seizures. These seizures can vary in severity and frequency, ranging from mild to severe convulsions. Seizures occur due to the abnormal electrical activity caused by the presence of the malformation.

2. Headaches: Many individuals with cavernous malformation experience recurrent headaches. These headaches can be localized or generalized and may vary in intensity. The exact cause of these headaches is not fully understood, but they are believed to be related to the abnormal blood flow and pressure within the malformation.

3. Neurological deficits: Depending on the location of the cavernous malformation, it can cause various neurological deficits. These deficits may include weakness or numbness in specific body parts, difficulty with coordination and balance, problems with speech or vision, and cognitive impairments. The severity of these deficits can vary from person to person.

4. Hemorrhages: Cavernous malformations have a tendency to bleed, leading to hemorrhages. These bleeding episodes can result in sudden and severe symptoms, such as a sudden onset of severe headache, loss of consciousness, paralysis, or even coma. The severity of the symptoms depends on the size and location of the hemorrhage.

5. Focal neurological signs: In some cases, cavernous malformations can cause specific focal neurological signs. These signs may include difficulty with movement, muscle weakness, sensory abnormalities, or changes in reflexes. The specific signs depend on the location of the malformation within the brain or spinal cord.

6. Family history: In rare cases, cavernous malformations can be hereditary. If there is a family history of cavernous malformations, individuals may be at a higher risk of developing the condition and should be vigilant for any potential symptoms.

It is important to note that not all individuals with cavernous malformation experience symptoms. Some people may have the malformation without any noticeable signs or symptoms, and the condition may only be discovered incidentally during brain imaging for unrelated reasons.

If you suspect you or someone you know may have a cavernous malformation, it is crucial to seek medical attention for a proper diagnosis. A thorough evaluation, including imaging studies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can help confirm the presence of a cavernous malformation and determine the appropriate course of treatment.