Which are the causes of Cholesteatoma?

Cholesteatoma is a condition characterized by the abnormal growth of skin cells in the middle ear. It typically occurs as a result of repeated ear infections or a malfunctioning Eustachian tube, which is responsible for equalizing pressure between the middle ear and the outside environment. Cholesteatoma can lead to various complications if left untreated, including hearing loss, dizziness, and even infection of the surrounding structures.

There are several causes of cholesteatoma:

1. Chronic ear infections: Prolonged or recurrent ear infections can cause the development of cholesteatoma. When the middle ear becomes infected, the lining may thicken and produce excess skin cells, which can accumulate and form a cholesteatoma.



2. Eustachian tube dysfunction: The Eustachian tube plays a crucial role in maintaining proper pressure within the middle ear. If the tube fails to function correctly, it can lead to a negative pressure build-up, causing the formation of cholesteatoma. Eustachian tube dysfunction can be caused by various factors, including allergies, sinus infections, or structural abnormalities.



3. Tympanic membrane retraction: The tympanic membrane, commonly known as the eardrum, can retract or pull inward due to negative pressure in the middle ear. This retraction can create a pocket or space where cholesteatoma can develop and grow.



4. Birth defects: In some cases, cholesteatoma may be present at birth or develop shortly after due to congenital abnormalities in the structure of the ear. These defects can create pockets or pathways that facilitate the accumulation of skin cells and the formation of cholesteatoma.



5. Previous ear surgery: Individuals who have undergone ear surgery, such as tympanoplasty or mastoidectomy, may be at an increased risk of developing cholesteatoma. The surgical procedure itself can disrupt the normal anatomy of the ear, potentially leading to the growth of abnormal skin cells.



6. Trauma or injury: Severe trauma or injury to the ear can damage the delicate structures within the middle ear, including the Eustachian tube and the tympanic membrane. This damage can create an environment conducive to the development of cholesteatoma.

It is important to note that cholesteatoma is not contagious and cannot be transmitted from one person to another. It is primarily a result of underlying factors that disrupt the normal functioning of the middle ear.

If you suspect you or someone you know may have cholesteatoma, it is crucial to seek medical attention from an ear, nose, and throat specialist (otolaryngologist). Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help prevent complications and preserve hearing.