How do I know if I have Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)?

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It is characterized by the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells called granulocytes. CML usually progresses slowly, and in the early stages, it may not cause any noticeable symptoms. However, as the disease advances, symptoms may become more apparent.

Here are some signs and symptoms that may indicate the presence of CML:

• Fatigue: Feeling excessively tired or weak without any apparent reason.


• Unexplained weight loss: Losing weight unintentionally, even without changes in diet or exercise.


• Abdominal discomfort: Experiencing pain or fullness in the abdomen, often due to an enlarged spleen.


• Easy bruising or bleeding: Noticing an increased tendency to bruise or bleed, even from minor injuries.


• Excessive sweating: Experiencing night sweats or sweating more than usual during the day.


• Fevers and infections: Frequently developing fevers or infections due to a weakened immune system.


• Bone pain: Feeling pain or tenderness in the bones, especially in the long bones of the arms and legs.


• Unusual paleness: Having a pale complexion or looking unusually pale.


• Shortness of breath: Feeling breathless or experiencing difficulty breathing, especially during physical activity.

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation. Keep in mind that these symptoms can also be caused by various other conditions, so a thorough medical examination is necessary to determine the underlying cause.

Diagnosing CML typically involves the following:

1. Physical examination: Your doctor will examine you for any physical signs of CML, such as an enlarged spleen or swollen lymph nodes.


2. Blood tests: A complete blood count (CBC) will be performed to check for abnormal levels of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Additionally, a genetic test called a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may be done to detect the presence of a specific genetic abnormality known as the Philadelphia chromosome, which is associated with CML.


3. Bone marrow biopsy: A small sample of bone marrow is taken from your hipbone or another large bone to examine the cells under a microscope. This test helps confirm the diagnosis and determine the stage of the disease.

It is crucial to remember that only a healthcare professional can provide an accurate diagnosis of CML. If you suspect you may have CML or are concerned about any symptoms you are experiencing, make an appointment with your doctor as soon as possible. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life for individuals with CML.