Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by a dysfunction of the immune system. People with CVID have a reduced ability to produce antibodies, which are essential for fighting off infections. This condition typically presents in adolescence or early adulthood, and its symptoms can vary widely from person to person.
One of the hallmark symptoms of CVID is a tendency to develop recurrent infections, particularly in the respiratory system. Individuals with CVID may experience frequent bouts of sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, and ear infections. These infections can be severe and difficult to treat, often requiring multiple rounds of antibiotics.
CVID can also affect the gastrointestinal system, leading to various digestive problems. Some individuals may experience chronic diarrhea, which can be accompanied by abdominal pain, bloating, and weight loss. Inflammation of the digestive tract, known as enteropathy, can occur in some cases, causing malabsorption of nutrients and resulting in nutritional deficiencies.
Another common feature of CVID is the increased risk of developing autoimmune disorders. The immune system, in an attempt to compensate for its deficiency, may become overactive and attack the body's own tissues. Autoimmune conditions that can occur in individuals with CVID include rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, autoimmune cytopenias (such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia or immune thrombocytopenia), and inflammatory bowel disease.
In some cases, individuals with CVID may have an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) and lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy). This enlargement is a result of the immune system's response to chronic infections and inflammation. The enlarged spleen and lymph nodes can cause discomfort or pain in the abdomen or neck.
Children with CVID may experience delayed growth and development compared to their peers. This can manifest as delayed puberty, slower physical growth, and delayed bone maturation. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial to ensure optimal growth and development in affected children.
Additional symptoms that may be present in individuals with CVID include fatigue, joint pain, muscle weakness, skin rashes, and recurrent or chronic inflammation in various parts of the body. These symptoms can significantly impact an individual's quality of life and may require ongoing medical care and management.
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is a complex disorder that affects the immune system's ability to produce antibodies, leading to recurrent infections, gastrointestinal issues, autoimmune disorders, and other symptoms. Early recognition and diagnosis of CVID are crucial for appropriate management and treatment. If you suspect you or someone you know may have CVID, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for a comprehensive evaluation and appropriate care.