How is Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) Dyspraxia diagnosed?

How is Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) Dyspraxia diagnosed?

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), also known as Dyspraxia, is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects a person's ability to plan, coordinate, and execute movements. It is typically diagnosed in childhood and can persist into adulthood. Diagnosing DCD involves a comprehensive assessment that considers various factors.

Medical History and Physical Examination

The diagnostic process for DCD begins with a thorough medical history and physical examination. The healthcare professional will gather information about the individual's developmental milestones, motor skills, and any difficulties experienced in daily activities. They may also inquire about family history and any other medical conditions that could contribute to motor difficulties.

Standardized Assessments

Standardized assessments play a crucial role in diagnosing DCD. These assessments are designed to evaluate a person's motor skills and compare them to age-appropriate norms. The most commonly used assessment tools for DCD include:

• Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC): This assessment evaluates a child's manual dexterity, aiming and catching skills, and balance.


• Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD): TGMD assesses a child's gross motor skills, such as running, jumping, and throwing.


• Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (VMI): VMI assesses a child's ability to integrate visual and motor skills, such as copying shapes and drawing.

Observation and Clinical Judgement

Observation and clinical judgement are essential components of the diagnostic process. Healthcare professionals, such as occupational therapists or pediatricians, observe the individual's movements and coordination during various activities. They assess the quality of movements, balance, coordination, and overall motor performance. Clinical judgement is used to determine if the observed difficulties are significant enough to meet the criteria for a DCD diagnosis.

Exclusion of Other Conditions

It is crucial to rule out other medical or neurological conditions that may mimic or coexist with DCD. The healthcare professional may request additional assessments or consultations to exclude conditions such as muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Collaboration with Parents, Teachers, and Other Professionals

Collaboration with parents, teachers, and other professionals involved in the individual's care is vital for an accurate diagnosis. Information from parents and teachers regarding the individual's motor difficulties in different settings, such as home and school, can provide valuable insights. This collaboration ensures a comprehensive understanding of the individual's motor challenges and helps in developing appropriate intervention strategies.

Multi-Disciplinary Approach

Diagnosing DCD often involves a multi-disciplinary approach. Occupational therapists, pediatricians, neurologists, and psychologists may collaborate to gather information, interpret assessment results, and provide a comprehensive diagnosis. This approach ensures a holistic understanding of the individual's motor difficulties and facilitates the development of an individualized treatment plan.

In conclusion, diagnosing Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) or Dyspraxia involves a comprehensive assessment that includes medical history, physical examination, standardized assessments, observation, clinical judgement, exclusion of other conditions, and collaboration with parents, teachers, and professionals. A multi-disciplinary approach is often employed to ensure an accurate diagnosis and appropriate intervention strategies.