Delayed Pressure Urticaria (DPU) is a type of chronic urticaria characterized by the development of itchy, red welts or hives on the skin after pressure is applied. These hives typically appear several hours after the pressure stimulus and can last for 24-48 hours. While there is no known cure for DPU, there are several treatment options available to manage the symptoms and improve the quality of life for individuals affected by this condition.
Antihistamines are the first-line treatment for DPU. They work by blocking the effects of histamine, a chemical released during an allergic reaction that causes itching, redness, and swelling. Non-sedating antihistamines such as cetirizine, loratadine, and fexofenadine are commonly prescribed to relieve the symptoms of DPU. These medications can help reduce itching and prevent the formation of hives. It is important to take antihistamines regularly as prescribed by a healthcare professional.
Leukotriene receptor antagonists are another class of medications that can be used to manage DPU. These drugs, such as montelukast, work by blocking the action of leukotrienes, which are inflammatory chemicals involved in allergic reactions. They can help reduce the severity and frequency of hives in some individuals with DPU. However, their effectiveness may vary from person to person, and they are often used in combination with antihistamines.
In severe cases of DPU, corticosteroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune response. These medications, such as prednisone, are potent anti-inflammatory drugs that can provide relief from symptoms. However, long-term use of corticosteroids is generally not recommended due to their potential side effects, so they are typically used for short periods and under close medical supervision.
Avoiding triggering factors is an essential part of managing DPU. Pressure on the skin is the primary trigger for hives in DPU, so it is important to identify and avoid activities or situations that apply excessive pressure to the skin. This may include avoiding tight clothing, carrying heavy objects, or engaging in activities that involve prolonged pressure on the skin. By minimizing exposure to triggering factors, individuals with DPU can reduce the frequency and severity of hives.
Cold therapy can provide temporary relief from itching and swelling associated with DPU. Applying a cold compress or ice pack to the affected area can help constrict blood vessels, reduce inflammation, and alleviate discomfort. However, it is important to avoid direct contact with ice or extremely cold temperatures, as this can potentially damage the skin.
Phototherapy involves exposing the skin to specific wavelengths of light to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune response. Ultraviolet A (UVA) or narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy may be recommended for individuals with severe or refractory DPU. This treatment option should be administered under the guidance of a dermatologist or healthcare professional.
It is important to note that the effectiveness of treatments may vary among individuals, and a healthcare professional should be consulted to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for each individual with DPU. Additionally, lifestyle modifications such as stress management techniques and maintaining a healthy lifestyle may also help in managing the symptoms of DPU.