Which are the causes of Dengue Fever?

Dengue Fever is a viral infection caused by the dengue virus, which is primarily transmitted through the bite of infected female Aedes mosquitoes. These mosquitoes are commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Dengue Fever is a significant public health concern, particularly in countries with warm climates, inadequate sanitation, and limited resources for mosquito control.

The primary cause of Dengue Fever is the dengue virus, which belongs to the Flaviviridae family. There are four distinct serotypes of the virus, namely DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4. Each serotype can cause the disease, and infection with one serotype does not provide immunity against the others. This means that individuals can be infected multiple times throughout their lives.

The transmission of the dengue virus occurs through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti. These mosquitoes become infected when they feed on the blood of a person who has dengue virus circulating in their bloodstream. After an incubation period of 4 to 10 days, the infected mosquito can transmit the virus to other individuals by biting them.

Several factors contribute to the spread of Dengue Fever:

• Mosquito breeding sites: Aedes mosquitoes breed in stagnant water, such as uncovered water containers, discarded tires, flower pots, and other artificial containers. These breeding sites are commonly found in urban areas with inadequate waste management and water storage practices.


• Urbanization: Rapid urbanization leads to increased population density, inadequate housing, and limited access to basic services. These conditions create favorable environments for mosquito breeding and facilitate the spread of dengue.


• Climate change: Changes in temperature and rainfall patterns can influence the distribution and abundance of Aedes mosquitoes. Warmer temperatures and increased rainfall can create suitable conditions for mosquito breeding and enhance the transmission of dengue.


• Lack of effective mosquito control: Inadequate mosquito control measures, such as the use of insecticides, larvicides, and mosquito nets, contribute to the persistence of Aedes mosquito populations and the transmission of dengue.


• Lack of public awareness: Insufficient knowledge about dengue prevention and control measures among communities can hinder efforts to reduce mosquito breeding sites and protect individuals from mosquito bites.

It is important to note that Dengue Fever is not directly transmitted from person to person. However, in rare cases, the virus can be transmitted through blood transfusion, organ transplantation, or from an infected mother to her fetus during pregnancy.

Preventing the spread of Dengue Fever requires a comprehensive approach that includes effective mosquito control, community engagement, and public health education. By addressing the underlying causes and implementing appropriate preventive measures, the burden of dengue can be significantly reduced.