What is Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis

Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis

Dermatomyositis and polymyositis are rare autoimmune diseases that affect the muscles and skin. They are characterized by chronic inflammation of the muscles, leading to muscle weakness and skin rashes.

Dermatomyositis: This condition primarily affects the skin and muscles. It typically presents with a distinctive rash, often on the face, eyelids, chest, back, or knuckles. Muscle weakness can range from mild to severe, affecting both proximal and distal muscles. Other symptoms may include difficulty swallowing, fatigue, weight loss, and joint pain.

Polymyositis: Unlike dermatomyositis, polymyositis primarily affects the muscles without significant skin involvement. It causes muscle weakness, typically in the proximal muscles of the hips, thighs, shoulders, and upper arms. Symptoms may include difficulty rising from a seated position, climbing stairs, lifting objects, or raising arms above the head.

Both conditions can occur at any age but are more common in adults. The exact cause is unknown, but they are believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Treatment usually involves a combination of medications to reduce inflammation and manage symptoms, along with physical therapy to improve muscle strength and function.