Which are the causes of Diphtheria?

Diphtheria is a highly contagious bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It primarily affects the respiratory system, but can also impact other parts of the body. The disease is transmitted through respiratory droplets, such as coughing or sneezing, or by direct contact with an infected individual or contaminated objects.

1. Corynebacterium diphtheriae: The main cause of diphtheria is the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. This bacterium produces a toxin that damages the respiratory system and other organs. It is primarily found in the nose and throat of infected individuals, making it highly contagious.

2. Lack of immunization: One of the major causes of diphtheria is the lack of immunization. Vaccination against diphtheria is a crucial preventive measure. The diphtheria vaccine is typically administered as part of the combination vaccine known as DTaP, which also protects against tetanus and pertussis. Failure to receive the vaccine or incomplete immunization can increase the risk of contracting the disease.

3. Close contact with infected individuals: Diphtheria spreads through close contact with infected individuals. When an infected person coughs or sneezes, respiratory droplets containing the bacteria can be inhaled by others. Additionally, direct contact with an infected person's saliva, nasal discharge, or skin lesions can also transmit the bacteria.

4. Poor hygiene practices: Inadequate hygiene practices can contribute to the spread of diphtheria. Sharing personal items, such as utensils or towels, with an infected person can increase the risk of transmission. Poor hand hygiene, especially after coming into contact with respiratory secretions, can also facilitate the spread of the bacteria.

5. Crowded living conditions: Living in crowded environments, such as overcrowded households or institutions, increases the likelihood of diphtheria transmission. The bacteria can easily spread among individuals in close proximity, especially in areas with limited access to healthcare facilities and vaccination programs.

6. Weakened immune system: Individuals with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to diphtheria. Certain medical conditions, such as HIV/AIDS or malnutrition, can compromise the immune system's ability to fight off infections, including diphtheria.

It is important to note that diphtheria is a preventable disease through vaccination. Timely immunization, practicing good hygiene, and avoiding close contact with infected individuals are essential in reducing the risk of diphtheria transmission. If symptoms such as a sore throat, difficulty breathing, or a grayish membrane in the throat are observed, immediate medical attention should be sought as diphtheria can be life-threatening if left untreated.