How is Eales Disease diagnosed?

Eales Disease is a rare condition that affects the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. It is characterized by inflammation, the formation of abnormal blood vessels, and the development of white patches in the retina. Diagnosing Eales Disease involves a comprehensive evaluation of the patient's medical history, a thorough eye examination, and the use of various diagnostic tests.

Medical History: The first step in diagnosing Eales Disease is to gather information about the patient's medical history. The doctor will inquire about any symptoms experienced, the duration of these symptoms, and any previous eye conditions or treatments. It is important to provide accurate and detailed information to aid in the diagnosis.

Eye Examination: A comprehensive eye examination is crucial in diagnosing Eales Disease. The doctor will assess visual acuity, measure intraocular pressure, and examine the structures of the eye. The examination may include:

• Visual Acuity Test: This test measures how well the patient can see at various distances using an eye chart.


• Slit Lamp Examination: A specialized microscope called a slit lamp is used to examine the front structures of the eye, including the cornea, iris, and lens.


• Fundus Examination: The doctor will dilate the patient's pupils and use an ophthalmoscope to examine the retina and optic nerve at the back of the eye.

Diagnostic Tests: To confirm the diagnosis of Eales Disease and rule out other conditions, additional tests may be performed:

• Fluorescein Angiography: This test involves injecting a special dye into a vein in the arm. The dye travels to the blood vessels in the retina, and a series of photographs are taken to evaluate the blood flow and identify any abnormal vessels.


• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): This non-invasive imaging test uses light waves to create cross-sectional images of the retina. It helps assess the thickness and integrity of the retinal layers.


• Electroretinography (ERG): This test measures the electrical activity of the retina in response to light stimulation. It helps evaluate the function of the retinal cells.


• Blood Tests: Blood tests may be conducted to check for underlying systemic conditions that could contribute to Eales Disease, such as tuberculosis or autoimmune disorders.

Consultation: In some cases, the doctor may refer the patient to a retinal specialist for further evaluation and management of Eales Disease. The specialist will review the findings and determine the most appropriate treatment plan.

It is important to note that the diagnosis of Eales Disease can be challenging due to its similarities with other retinal conditions. Therefore, a thorough evaluation and collaboration between the patient, ophthalmologist, and retinal specialist are crucial for an accurate diagnosis.