How is Endometrial cancer diagnosed?

Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that affects the lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium. Early detection and diagnosis of endometrial cancer are crucial for successful treatment and improved outcomes. There are several methods used to diagnose this condition, which may include:

1. Medical History and Physical Examination:

During the initial consultation, your healthcare provider will ask about your medical history, including any symptoms you may be experiencing. They will also perform a physical examination, which may involve a pelvic exam to check for any abnormalities in the uterus or surrounding areas.

2. Transvaginal Ultrasound:

A transvaginal ultrasound is a common diagnostic tool used to evaluate the uterus and surrounding structures. It involves the insertion of a small ultrasound probe into the vagina, which emits sound waves to create images of the uterus. This procedure can help identify any thickening of the endometrium or the presence of tumors.

3. Endometrial Biopsy:

An endometrial biopsy is a procedure in which a small sample of the endometrial tissue is collected for further examination. This can be done in different ways, such as using a thin tube to suction out a small amount of tissue or by scraping the lining of the uterus. The collected sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis to determine if cancer cells are present.

4. Imaging Tests:

Imaging tests, such as computed tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may be ordered to assess the extent of the cancer and to determine if it has spread to other areas of the body. These tests provide detailed images of the pelvis and abdomen, helping doctors stage the cancer and plan appropriate treatment.

5. Dilation and Curettage (D&C):

In some cases, a dilation and curettage procedure may be performed to obtain a larger sample of the endometrial tissue. This involves dilating the cervix and scraping the lining of the uterus to collect a tissue sample. The sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis.

6. Blood Tests:

Specific blood tests, such as CA-125, may be conducted to measure certain tumor markers that can indicate the presence of endometrial cancer. However, these tests are not definitive and are often used in conjunction with other diagnostic methods.

7. Hysteroscopy:

Hysteroscopy is a procedure that allows direct visualization of the uterus using a thin, lighted tube called a hysteroscope. This procedure can help identify any abnormal growths or tumors in the uterus and may be performed in conjunction with an endometrial biopsy.

It is important to note that the specific diagnostic methods used may vary depending on individual circumstances and the healthcare provider's recommendations. If endometrial cancer is diagnosed, further tests may be conducted to determine the stage and grade of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.