Which are the symptoms of Essential Thrombocythemia?

Symptoms of Essential Thrombocythemia

Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) is a rare chronic blood disorder characterized by the overproduction of platelets in the bone marrow. Platelets are blood cells responsible for clotting, and their excessive production can lead to various symptoms and complications.

1. Asymptomatic

Many individuals with essential thrombocythemia may not experience any symptoms, and the condition is incidentally discovered during routine blood tests. Asymptomatic cases are often identified when platelet counts are found to be abnormally high.

2. Thrombotic Events

Thrombotic events are one of the most common complications of essential thrombocythemia. Increased platelet levels can cause blood clots to form in blood vessels, leading to various issues. Symptoms may include:

• Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): Blood clot formation in deep veins, commonly in the legs, causing pain, swelling, and warmth in the affected area.


• Pulmonary embolism: A blood clot that travels to the lungs, causing sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, and coughing up blood.


• Transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke: Clots that block blood flow to the brain, resulting in temporary neurological symptoms (TIA) or permanent damage (stroke).


• Heart attack: Blood clot formation in the coronary arteries, leading to chest pain, shortness of breath, and potential heart muscle damage.

3. Bleeding

While essential thrombocythemia is primarily associated with clotting, some individuals may experience bleeding due to abnormal platelet function. This can manifest as:

• Easy bruising: Unexplained bruises or purple spots on the skin.


• Petechiae: Tiny red or purple dots on the skin caused by bleeding under the surface.


• Nosebleeds: Spontaneous or prolonged bleeding from the nose.


• Excessive bleeding: Abnormal or prolonged bleeding from minor cuts or injuries.

4. Enlarged Spleen

In some cases, essential thrombocythemia can cause the spleen to enlarge. The spleen is responsible for filtering blood and regulating platelet levels. When it becomes enlarged, individuals may experience:

• Abdominal discomfort: Pain or fullness in the upper left abdomen.


• Feeling of fullness: Early satiety or a sensation of being full even after eating small amounts of food.

5. Fatigue and Weakness

Chronic fatigue and weakness are common symptoms in individuals with essential thrombocythemia. These symptoms can significantly impact daily activities and quality of life.

It is important to note that the severity and presentation of symptoms can vary among individuals with essential thrombocythemia. Some may experience mild symptoms, while others may face more severe complications. Regular monitoring and appropriate management by a healthcare professional are crucial to prevent and address potential complications.