What is Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome - FIRES

Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a rare and severe form of epilepsy that primarily affects children and young adults. It is characterized by the sudden onset of prolonged seizures, often following a febrile illness or infection. FIRES is a devastating condition as it can lead to significant cognitive and neurological impairments.

The exact cause of FIRES is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The initial trigger, such as a viral or bacterial infection, causes an abnormal immune response that leads to inflammation in the brain. This inflammation disrupts normal brain function and results in the development of seizures.

FIRES is challenging to treat as it often does not respond to standard anti-seizure medications. Intensive care and aggressive treatment approaches, including the use of multiple anti-seizure drugs, immunotherapies, and other supportive measures, are typically required. However, even with treatment, many individuals with FIRES experience ongoing seizures and long-term neurological complications.

Research into FIRES is ongoing to better understand its underlying mechanisms and develop more effective treatments. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial in managing the condition and improving outcomes for affected individuals.