Which are the symptoms of Fibromuscular dysplasia?

Symptoms of Fibromuscular Dysplasia

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a rare vascular disorder that primarily affects the medium-sized arteries in the body. It is characterized by abnormal cell growth in the arterial walls, leading to the formation of fibrous tissue and narrowing of the blood vessels. FMD can occur in various parts of the body, including the renal arteries, carotid arteries, mesenteric arteries, and arteries supplying the limbs. The symptoms of FMD can vary depending on the location and severity of the disease.

Renal Artery FMD:

When FMD affects the renal arteries, it can lead to several symptoms, including:

• Hypertension: High blood pressure is a common symptom of renal artery FMD. It may be difficult to control with medication and can cause complications if left untreated.


• Flank Pain: Some individuals with renal artery FMD may experience pain in the side or back, known as flank pain. This pain can be intermittent or persistent.


• Renal Dysfunction: FMD can impair kidney function, leading to decreased urine output, changes in urine color, or swelling in the legs and ankles.

Carotid Artery FMD:

FMD affecting the carotid arteries, which supply blood to the brain, can manifest with the following symptoms:

• Headaches: Recurrent headaches, often described as migraines, can occur in individuals with carotid artery FMD.


• Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Also known as a mini-stroke, a TIA can cause temporary neurological symptoms such as weakness, numbness, or difficulty speaking.


• Vertigo: Some individuals may experience dizziness or a spinning sensation, known as vertigo, due to reduced blood flow to the brain.

Mesenteric Artery FMD:

When FMD affects the arteries supplying the intestines (mesenteric arteries), it can lead to symptoms such as:

• Abdominal Pain: Severe abdominal pain, particularly after eating, is a common symptom of mesenteric artery FMD. The pain may be crampy and can lead to weight loss or malnutrition if it affects food intake.


• Diarrhea: Some individuals may experience chronic diarrhea or bowel movements immediately after eating.


• Nausea and Vomiting: FMD can cause persistent nausea and vomiting, especially after meals.

Limb Artery FMD:

FMD can also affect the arteries supplying the limbs, leading to symptoms such as:

• Cold Extremities: Reduced blood flow to the limbs can cause cold hands and feet, even in warm environments.


• Weak or Absent Pulses: FMD can result in weakened or absent pulses in the affected limbs.


• Pain or Fatigue: Some individuals may experience pain, cramping, or fatigue in the muscles of the arms or legs during physical activity.

It is important to note that the symptoms of FMD can vary widely, and some individuals may be asymptomatic, especially in the early stages of the disease. If you suspect you may have FMD or are experiencing any concerning symptoms, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and diagnosis.