Filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, is a parasitic disease caused by thread-like nematode worms called filarial worms. These worms are transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes.
Filariasis affects the lymphatic system, leading to chronic and debilitating symptoms. The worms can live for years in the human body, causing blockages in the lymphatic vessels and impairing the immune system.
Common symptoms of filariasis include swelling of the limbs, genitalia, and breasts, which can result in severe disfigurement and disability. The disease can also cause fever, pain, and inflammation.
Prevention of filariasis involves controlling mosquito populations through insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor residual spraying, and personal protective measures like wearing long clothing and using mosquito repellents. Mass drug administration programs are also implemented in affected areas to treat and prevent the disease.
Diagnosis of filariasis is typically done through blood tests to detect the presence of filarial worms or their DNA. Treatment involves the use of antiparasitic medications to kill the worms and alleviate symptoms.
Efforts to eliminate filariasis as a public health problem are ongoing, with the aim of reducing the burden of this debilitating disease worldwide.