Which are the causes of Fitz Hugh Curtis Syndrome?

Fitz Hugh Curtis Syndrome is a rare condition that primarily affects women and is characterized by inflammation of the liver capsule and the surrounding tissues. It is often associated with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which is an infection of the female reproductive organs.

The main cause of Fitz Hugh Curtis Syndrome is the spread of bacteria from the pelvic region to the liver. In most cases, the bacteria responsible for PID, such as Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae, ascend from the vagina and cervix into the upper reproductive organs, including the fallopian tubes and uterus. From there, the bacteria can enter the abdominal cavity and reach the liver through the peritoneal fluid.

PID is typically caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or bacterial infections. Unprotected sexual intercourse, multiple sexual partners, and a history of STIs increase the risk of developing PID. The bacteria can enter the reproductive organs during sexual activity, childbirth, or certain medical procedures, such as intrauterine device (IUD) insertion or endometrial biopsy.

Other risk factors for Fitz Hugh Curtis Syndrome include:

• Previous history of PID: Women who have had PID in the past are more susceptible to developing Fitz Hugh Curtis Syndrome.


• Young age: Adolescents and young women are at a higher risk of PID and subsequent development of Fitz Hugh Curtis Syndrome.


• Sexually active: Engaging in sexual activity at a young age or having multiple sexual partners increases the risk of acquiring STIs and developing PID.


• Use of intrauterine devices: Although rare, the insertion of an IUD can introduce bacteria into the reproductive organs, leading to PID and potentially Fitz Hugh Curtis Syndrome.


• Compromised immune system: Conditions that weaken the immune system, such as HIV/AIDS, increase the risk of developing infections, including PID.

It is important to note that not all women with PID will develop Fitz Hugh Curtis Syndrome. The exact reasons why some individuals are more susceptible to the spread of bacteria from the pelvic region to the liver are still not fully understood. However, it is believed that genetic factors, individual immune responses, and the specific bacterial strains involved may play a role.

Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of PID are crucial in preventing the development of Fitz Hugh Curtis Syndrome. Antibiotics are typically prescribed to treat the underlying infection, and in severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to drain abscesses or remove damaged tissues.