What is Flammer syndrome

Flammer syndrome is a rare vascular disorder that primarily affects the blood vessels in the eye. It is characterized by the abnormal dilation and hyperperfusion of blood vessels, particularly in the optic nerve head and the retina. This condition was first described by Dr. Josef Flammer in the 1990s and is believed to be caused by a dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system.

Flammer syndrome is often associated with various ocular manifestations, including optic disc hemorrhages, increased retinal venous pressure, and reduced blood flow in the choroid. These vascular abnormalities can lead to visual disturbances such as blurred vision, visual field defects, and even optic nerve damage in severe cases.

While the exact cause of Flammer syndrome remains unclear, it is believed to have a genetic component and can be influenced by environmental factors such as stress, smoking, and certain medications. Diagnosis of Flammer syndrome is typically based on clinical findings and exclusion of other ocular conditions.

Management of Flammer syndrome focuses on symptom relief and preventing further vascular damage. This may involve lifestyle modifications, such as stress reduction techniques and avoiding triggers like caffeine and alcohol. In some cases, medications that improve blood flow or regulate vascular tone may be prescribed.

Overall, Flammer syndrome is a complex vascular disorder that requires careful evaluation and management by an ophthalmologist to preserve visual function and prevent complications.