What are Gallstones

Gallstones are small, solid deposits that form in the gallbladder, a small organ located beneath the liver. They are typically made up of cholesterol or bilirubin, a pigment produced during the breakdown of red blood cells. Gallstones can vary in size, ranging from as small as a grain of sand to as large as a golf ball.

These stones can develop when there is an imbalance in the substances that make up bile, a digestive fluid stored in the gallbladder. The exact cause of this imbalance is not fully understood, but factors such as obesity, a high-fat diet, rapid weight loss, and certain medical conditions can increase the risk of gallstone formation.

Gallstones often do not cause any symptoms and may go unnoticed. However, when they obstruct the bile ducts, they can lead to intense pain in the upper abdomen, known as a gallbladder attack. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and jaundice.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience severe abdominal pain or suspect gallstones, as complications can arise if left untreated. Treatment options range from medication to surgical removal of the gallbladder, depending on the severity of symptoms and the size of the stones.