Which are the causes of Gastric Lymphoma?

Gastric lymphoma, also known as gastric MALT lymphoma, is a type of cancer that originates in the lymphatic tissue of the stomach. It is a relatively rare form of lymphoma, accounting for about 5% of all stomach cancers. While the exact cause of gastric lymphoma is not fully understood, several factors have been identified that may contribute to its development.

Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection: One of the most significant risk factors for gastric lymphoma is a long-standing infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium is known to cause chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and is also associated with the development of gastric cancer. H. pylori infection triggers an immune response, leading to the formation of lymphoid tissue in the stomach. Over time, this can progress to gastric lymphoma in some individuals.

Autoimmune diseases: Certain autoimmune diseases, such as Sjögren syndrome and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, have been linked to an increased risk of developing gastric lymphoma. These conditions involve the immune system mistakenly attacking healthy cells and tissues, including the lymphatic tissue in the stomach.

Immunodeficiency: Individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or those who have undergone organ transplantation and are on immunosuppressive medications, have a higher risk of developing gastric lymphoma. A compromised immune system is less able to control the growth of abnormal lymphocytes, increasing the likelihood of lymphoma development.

Genetic factors: While rare, certain genetic mutations and chromosomal abnormalities have been associated with an increased risk of gastric lymphoma. These genetic alterations can disrupt the normal regulation of cell growth and division, leading to the development of cancerous cells.

Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental factors, such as certain chemicals or substances, may play a role in the development of gastric lymphoma. However, the specific agents and mechanisms involved are not yet well understood.

It is important to note that while these factors may increase the risk of developing gastric lymphoma, not everyone exposed to them will develop the disease. The interplay between genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and immune response likely contributes to the development of gastric lymphoma in susceptible individuals.

Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial for improving outcomes in gastric lymphoma cases. If you experience persistent gastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal pain, indigestion, unexplained weight loss, or blood in the stool, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and appropriate management.