What is Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic digestive disorder that affects the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a ring of muscle between the esophagus and stomach. When functioning properly, the LES opens to allow food and liquid to enter the stomach and then closes to prevent stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus. However, in individuals with GERD, the LES weakens or relaxes abnormally, causing stomach acid to rise up into the esophagus. This leads to a range of uncomfortable symptoms, including heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and chronic cough.

GERD can be triggered by various factors, such as obesity, pregnancy, hiatal hernia, smoking, and certain medications. It can significantly impact one's quality of life, affecting sleep, daily activities, and overall well-being. Treatment options for GERD include lifestyle modifications (such as weight loss and dietary changes), over-the-counter antacids, prescription medications to reduce acid production, and in severe cases, surgical intervention.

It is important to seek medical advice if you suspect you have GERD, as long-term untreated acid reflux can lead to complications like esophagitis, strictures, and Barrett's esophagus. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can help alleviate symptoms and prevent further damage to the esophagus.