What is Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA)

Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the arteries in the head, particularly the temples. It is also known as temporal arteritis. GCA is more common in individuals over the age of 50 and is more prevalent in women than men.

The exact cause of GCA is unknown, but it is believed to involve an abnormal immune response. The immune system mistakenly attacks the blood vessels, leading to inflammation and swelling. This can result in reduced blood flow to the affected areas.

Common symptoms of GCA include severe headaches, scalp tenderness, jaw pain, vision problems, and fatigue. If left untreated, GCA can lead to serious complications such as vision loss or stroke.

Diagnosis of GCA involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests, and imaging studies. A biopsy of the affected artery may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment for GCA typically involves high-dose corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and prevent complications. Long-term management may require lower doses of corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive medications.

Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial in managing GCA and preventing complications. Regular follow-up with healthcare professionals is essential to monitor the disease and adjust the treatment plan accordingly.