How do I know if I have Graft Versus Host Disease?

Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) is a condition that can occur after a stem cell or bone marrow transplant. It happens when the donor's immune cells (graft) recognize the recipient's body (host) as foreign and attack it. GVHD can affect various organs and tissues, including the skin, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs.

Symptoms of GVHD can vary depending on the severity and the organs involved. Here are some common signs to watch out for:

• Skin: GVHD often starts with a rash, which may be itchy, red, or blistered. It can resemble a sunburn or a rash caused by an allergic reaction.


• Gastrointestinal tract: GVHD can cause diarrhea, sometimes with blood, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Severe cases may lead to malabsorption and weight loss.


• Liver: Signs of liver involvement include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), elevated liver enzymes, and abdominal pain.


• Lungs: GVHD affecting the lungs can cause shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing.

If you have undergone a transplant and experience any of these symptoms, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly. GVHD can be a serious and potentially life-threatening condition, so early diagnosis and treatment are essential.

Diagnosing GVHD typically involves a combination of medical history review, physical examination, and various tests. Your doctor may perform skin biopsies, blood tests, imaging studies, or endoscopic procedures to assess the extent and severity of GVHD.

Treatment for GVHD aims to suppress the immune response and reduce inflammation. Common approaches include immunosuppressive medications, such as corticosteroids, and other drugs that target specific immune cells. In severe cases, additional therapies like extracorporeal photopheresis or stem cell boost may be considered.

Preventing GVHD is a primary concern in transplant procedures. Doctors carefully match the donor and recipient to minimize the risk of GVHD. Medications that suppress the immune system are often given before and after the transplant to help prevent the donor cells from attacking the recipient's body.

If you have undergone a stem cell or bone marrow transplant, it is important to stay vigilant for any signs of GVHD. Regular follow-up appointments with your healthcare team are crucial to monitor your condition and address any concerns promptly.