Which are the symptoms of Graft Versus Host Disease?

Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) is a condition that can occur after a stem cell or bone marrow transplant. It happens when the transplanted cells (the graft) recognize the recipient's body (the host) as foreign and attack it. GVHD can affect various organs and systems in the body, leading to a range of symptoms.

Skin: One of the most common symptoms of GVHD is a skin rash. The rash can be itchy, red, and may resemble a sunburn. It often starts on the palms of the hands or soles of the feet and can spread to other parts of the body. In severe cases, the skin may blister or peel.

Gastrointestinal Tract: GVHD can also affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, causing symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea. The diarrhea may be watery or bloody, and it can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Severe cases of GI GVHD can result in malabsorption and weight loss.

Liver: Liver involvement in GVHD can cause elevated liver enzymes, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), and hepatomegaly (enlarged liver). These symptoms may be accompanied by abdominal discomfort and fatigue.

Lungs: GVHD can affect the lungs, leading to symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain. These respiratory symptoms can be caused by inflammation and damage to the lung tissues.

Eyes: In some cases, GVHD can affect the eyes, causing dryness, redness, irritation, and sensitivity to light. These symptoms can significantly impact vision and may require specialized eye care.

Oral Cavity: GVHD can also affect the mouth and throat, leading to symptoms such as mouth sores, difficulty swallowing, and dry mouth. These symptoms can make it challenging to eat and maintain proper nutrition.

Other Symptoms: In addition to the specific organ-related symptoms mentioned above, GVHD can cause general symptoms such as fatigue, fever, and overall weakness. These symptoms may be a result of the immune system's response to the graft.

It's important to note that the severity and presentation of GVHD can vary from person to person. Some individuals may experience mild symptoms that resolve with treatment, while others may develop severe and chronic GVHD requiring ongoing medical management.