Haemophilia is a rare genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to clot blood properly. It primarily affects males, as it is caused by a mutation in one of the genes responsible for producing clotting factors. While the severity of symptoms can vary, individuals with haemophilia may experience the following:
1. Excessive bleeding: One of the hallmark symptoms of haemophilia is prolonged bleeding. Even minor injuries or cuts can result in excessive bleeding that takes longer to stop compared to individuals without the condition. This is due to the lack or deficiency of clotting factors in the blood.
2. Spontaneous bleeding: In some cases, bleeding can occur without any apparent cause. This spontaneous bleeding can happen internally, leading to joint or muscle bleeds. Internal bleeding may not be immediately visible, but it can cause pain, swelling, and limited mobility.
3. Easy bruising: Haemophilia can also cause easy bruising. Minor bumps or injuries can result in larger bruises than expected, and they may take longer to heal.
4. Joint pain: Bleeding into the joints is a common complication of haemophilia. This can lead to joint pain, stiffness, and swelling. The most commonly affected joints are the knees, ankles, and elbows. Over time, repeated bleeding into the joints can cause permanent damage and limited range of motion.
5. Muscle pain: Bleeding into the muscles can cause pain and swelling. This can be particularly problematic if it occurs in the muscles of the neck, tongue, or throat, as it can affect breathing and swallowing.
6. Blood in urine or stool: Haemophilia can sometimes cause blood to appear in the urine or stool. This can be a sign of internal bleeding in the urinary or gastrointestinal tract.
7. Excessive nosebleeds: Individuals with haemophilia may experience frequent or prolonged nosebleeds, which can be difficult to control.
8. Excessive bleeding after dental procedures: Dental work, such as tooth extraction or oral surgery, can result in prolonged bleeding in individuals with haemophilia.
9. Blood in vomit: In severe cases, haemophilia can cause bleeding in the digestive system, leading to blood appearing in vomit.
If you or your child experiences any of these symptoms, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and management. Haemophilia is a lifelong condition, but with appropriate treatment and care, individuals with haemophilia can lead fulfilling lives.