Hemicrania Continua is a rare primary headache disorder that is characterized by continuous, unilateral (one-sided) head pain. The term "hemicrania continua" translates to "continuous half-head" in Latin, which accurately describes the persistent nature of this condition. The pain experienced in hemicrania continua is typically moderate to severe and can last for months or even years without remission.
Symptoms:
1. Unilateral Headache: The hallmark symptom of hemicrania continua is a constant, throbbing or pulsating headache that occurs on one side of the head. The pain is usually experienced around the eye, temple, forehead, or back of the head. It remains constant without any pain-free periods.
2. Autonomic Symptoms: Many individuals with hemicrania continua also experience autonomic symptoms on the same side as the headache. These symptoms may include redness or watering of the eye, nasal congestion or runny nose, drooping of the eyelid, sweating, or changes in pupil size.
3. Severity Fluctuations: While the pain in hemicrania continua is continuous, there may be fluctuations in its intensity. The pain can range from mild to severe, with exacerbations of more intense pain known as "flares."
4. Response to Indomethacin: One of the key diagnostic criteria for hemicrania continua is the complete resolution of symptoms when treated with indomethacin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). If the headache responds positively to indomethacin, it strongly suggests hemicrania continua.
5. Trigger Points: Certain movements or activities may trigger or worsen the headache in hemicrania continua. These triggers can vary from person to person but may include physical exertion, sudden movements, or exposure to bright lights.
6. Associated Migraine Symptoms: Some individuals with hemicrania continua may also experience additional symptoms commonly associated with migraines. These can include nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light (photophobia), and sensitivity to sound (phonophobia).
It is important to note that hemicrania continua is a chronic condition that requires medical diagnosis and management. If you or someone you know is experiencing persistent one-sided headaches with the aforementioned symptoms, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.