Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a rare but serious condition that affects the blood and blood vessels. It is most commonly caused by infection with certain strains of bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli (E. coli) that produce toxins. HUS primarily affects young children, although it can occur in individuals of any age.
The syndrome is characterized by the triad of symptoms including hemolytic anemia (destruction of red blood cells), thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), and acute kidney injury. The initial symptoms often resemble a gastrointestinal illness, such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting. As the condition progresses, it can lead to more severe complications, including kidney failure.
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial in managing HUS. Treatment typically involves supportive care, such as intravenous fluids and blood transfusions, to address anemia and maintain kidney function. In severe cases, dialysis may be necessary to assist with kidney function. Antibiotics are generally not recommended as they may increase the release of toxins.
Prevention of HUS involves practicing good hygiene, especially when handling food, and ensuring proper cooking and handling of meat products. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms of HUS, particularly bloody diarrhea, occur, as early intervention can improve outcomes.