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Which are the causes of High Myopia?

See some of the causes of High Myopia according to people who have experience in High Myopia

High Myopia causes

High myopia, also known as severe or pathological myopia, is a condition characterized by a high degree of nearsightedness. It is typically defined as a refractive error of -6.00 diopters or more. While myopia is a common vision problem, affecting around 30% of the global population, high myopia is less prevalent but can have more significant consequences for eye health.



There are several factors that contribute to the development of high myopia:




  1. Genetics: Family history plays a crucial role in the development of myopia. If one or both parents have high myopia, there is an increased likelihood of their children developing it as well. Certain genetic variations are associated with the elongation of the eyeball, leading to high myopia.


  2. Environmental Factors: Excessive near work, such as reading or using electronic devices for extended periods, especially during childhood and adolescence, has been linked to the development of myopia. Lack of outdoor activities and exposure to natural light may also contribute to the progression of myopia.


  3. Eye Structure and Biomechanics: The shape and structure of the eye can influence the development of high myopia. Eyes that are longer or have a steeper cornea are more prone to myopia. Additionally, abnormalities in the sclera (the white outer layer of the eye) and the choroid (the vascular layer beneath the retina) have been associated with high myopia.


  4. Age: Myopia typically starts during childhood or adolescence and progresses until early adulthood. The rate of progression tends to slow down as individuals reach their mid-20s. However, in some cases, myopia can continue to worsen, leading to high myopia.


  5. Systemic Conditions: Certain systemic conditions, such as Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, are associated with high myopia. These conditions affect the connective tissues in the body, including those in the eye, leading to increased susceptibility to myopia.


  6. Visual Habits: Prolonged and excessive use of the eyes for close-up tasks, such as reading in poor lighting conditions or maintaining an improper reading distance, can contribute to the development of myopia. It is important to maintain proper visual hygiene and take regular breaks to reduce eye strain.


  7. Other Factors: Some studies suggest that factors like low birth weight, premature birth, and maternal smoking during pregnancy may increase the risk of developing myopia. However, further research is needed to establish a definitive link.



It is important to note that high myopia can lead to various complications and vision problems, including an increased risk of retinal detachment, glaucoma, cataracts, and myopic macular degeneration. Regular eye examinations and early intervention are crucial in managing and preventing the progression of high myopia.


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