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How is High Myopia diagnosed?

See how High Myopia is diagnosed. Which specialists are essential to meet, what tests are needed and other useful information for the diagnosis of High Myopia

High Myopia diagnosis

High Myopia Diagnosis:


High myopia, also known as severe or pathological myopia, is a condition characterized by a high degree of nearsightedness. It is typically diagnosed through a comprehensive eye examination performed by an optometrist or ophthalmologist. The diagnosis involves several tests and evaluations to assess the severity of myopia and rule out any underlying eye conditions.



Visual Acuity Test:


The first step in diagnosing high myopia is a visual acuity test. This test measures how well you can see at various distances using an eye chart. Your visual acuity is expressed as a fraction, with 20/20 being considered normal vision. If you have high myopia, your visual acuity may be significantly lower, such as 20/200 or worse.



Refraction Test:


A refraction test is conducted to determine the exact prescription needed for your glasses or contact lenses. During this test, the eye care professional uses a phoropter or a trial frame and a series of lenses to determine the lens power that provides the clearest vision. This helps in assessing the degree of myopia and whether it falls within the high myopia range.



Retinal Examination:


A thorough examination of the retina is crucial in diagnosing high myopia. The eye care professional will dilate your pupils using eye drops to get a clear view of the retina at the back of your eye. They may use a special magnifying lens called an ophthalmoscope or a slit lamp to examine the retina and optic nerve. This evaluation helps detect any abnormalities or signs of damage associated with high myopia, such as retinal thinning, macular degeneration, or retinal detachment.



Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT):


In some cases, an optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan may be performed to obtain detailed cross-sectional images of the retina. This non-invasive imaging test uses light waves to capture high-resolution images of the retinal layers. It helps in assessing the thickness of the retina and identifying any structural abnormalities that may be present in high myopia.



Slit-Lamp Examination:


A slit-lamp examination is often conducted to examine the anterior structures of the eye, including the cornea, iris, and lens. This examination helps rule out any other eye conditions that may contribute to visual impairment or myopia progression.



Intraocular Pressure Measurement:


Measuring the intraocular pressure is an important part of the eye examination. High myopia is associated with an increased risk of developing glaucoma, a condition characterized by elevated intraocular pressure. Therefore, measuring the pressure within the eye using a tonometer helps in assessing the risk of glaucoma and determining appropriate management strategies.



Family History and Medical History:


Providing information about your family history and medical history is crucial in diagnosing high myopia. The eye care professional will inquire about any family members with myopia or related eye conditions. They will also ask about any underlying health conditions or medications that may contribute to myopia development or progression.



Additional Tests:


In some cases, additional tests may be performed to evaluate the overall health of the eye and identify any associated complications. These tests may include visual field testing, corneal topography, or ultrasound imaging of the eye.



Conclusion:


Diagnosing high myopia involves a comprehensive eye examination, including visual acuity testing, refraction testing, retinal examination, OCT scan, slit-lamp examination, intraocular pressure measurement, and consideration of family and medical history. These tests help determine the severity of myopia, detect any associated complications, and guide appropriate management strategies to preserve vision and prevent further progression of the condition.


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