What is Hodgkin's lymphoma

Hodgkin's lymphoma, also known as Hodgkin lymphoma or HL, is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system. It is characterized by the presence of abnormal cells called Reed-Sternberg cells, which are large, atypical lymphocytes. These cells are typically found in the lymph nodes, but can also be present in other parts of the body.

Hodgkin's lymphoma is a relatively rare form of cancer, accounting for about 10% of all lymphomas. It primarily affects young adults between the ages of 15 and 35, as well as individuals over the age of 55. The exact cause of Hodgkin's lymphoma is unknown, but certain risk factors such as a weakened immune system, family history, and exposure to certain viruses have been identified.

The most common symptom of Hodgkin's lymphoma is the painless swelling of lymph nodes, typically in the neck, armpits, or groin. Other symptoms may include persistent fatigue, unexplained weight loss, night sweats, and itching. Diagnosis is usually made through a combination of physical examination, imaging tests, and a biopsy of the affected lymph node.

Treatment options for Hodgkin's lymphoma depend on the stage and extent of the disease, but typically involve a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and in some cases, stem cell transplantation. With advancements in treatment, the prognosis for Hodgkin's lymphoma has significantly improved, and the majority of patients can achieve long-term remission or even be cured.