Which are the symptoms of Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna?

Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna (HFI), also known as Morgagni-Stewart-Morel syndrome, is a rare condition characterized by excessive thickening of the frontal bone of the skull. This condition primarily affects middle-aged to elderly women, although it can also occur in men.

The exact cause of HFI is still unknown, but hormonal imbalances, genetic factors, and metabolic disorders have been suggested as potential contributors. The excessive bone growth in the frontal bone leads to the characteristic thickening, which can be detected through imaging techniques such as X-rays or CT scans.

While HFI is often asymptomatic and may go unnoticed, some individuals may experience a range of symptoms. These symptoms can vary in severity and may include:

• Headaches: Recurrent or persistent headaches are a common symptom of HFI. These headaches can be localized to the frontal region and may be dull or throbbing in nature.


• Changes in cognition: Some individuals with HFI may experience cognitive changes, such as difficulties with memory, concentration, or attention. These changes can range from mild to more significant impairments.


• Personality changes: HFI has been associated with alterations in personality, including irritability, mood swings, and emotional instability. These changes may be subtle or more pronounced, depending on the individual.


• Hormonal disturbances: Hormonal imbalances, particularly involving estrogen, have been observed in some individuals with HFI. This can lead to irregular menstrual cycles, hot flashes, or other hormonal symptoms.


• Visual disturbances: In rare cases, HFI may cause visual changes, such as blurred vision or double vision. These symptoms can occur due to compression of the optic nerves or other structures in the skull.


• Seizures: Although uncommon, seizures have been reported in a small number of individuals with HFI. The exact mechanism behind this association is not fully understood.

It is important to note that not all individuals with HFI will experience symptoms, and the presence and severity of symptoms can vary widely. Additionally, the symptoms mentioned above can also be indicative of other medical conditions, so a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional is necessary for an accurate diagnosis.

Treatment for HFI is primarily focused on managing the associated symptoms. This may involve the use of medications to alleviate headaches, hormonal therapies to address imbalances, or cognitive interventions to improve cognitive function. Regular monitoring and follow-up with healthcare providers are essential to ensure appropriate management of the condition.

In conclusion, Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna is a rare condition characterized by excessive thickening of the frontal bone of the skull. While it may be asymptomatic in some individuals, others may experience headaches, cognitive changes, personality alterations, hormonal disturbances, visual disturbances, or even seizures. Prompt medical evaluation and appropriate management can help alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life for individuals with HFI.