What are the best treatments for Hyperparathyroidism?

Treatments for Hyperparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism is a condition characterized by the overactivity of the parathyroid glands, which are responsible for regulating calcium levels in the body. This condition can lead to elevated levels of calcium in the blood, causing a range of symptoms and complications. Fortunately, there are several effective treatments available for hyperparathyroidism, depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition.

1. Observation and Monitoring

In mild cases of hyperparathyroidism, where symptoms are minimal and calcium levels are only slightly elevated, a "watchful waiting" approach may be recommended. This involves regular monitoring of calcium levels and overall health to ensure the condition does not worsen over time. Lifestyle modifications, such as increasing fluid intake and avoiding excessive calcium intake, may also be advised.

2. Medications

Calcimimetics: These medications mimic the action of calcium on the parathyroid glands, helping to lower parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Calcimimetics are often prescribed for individuals with primary hyperparathyroidism who are not suitable candidates for surgery or prefer non-surgical options.

Bisphosphonates: These drugs help to reduce bone loss and lower calcium levels in the blood. They are commonly used in cases of hyperparathyroidism associated with osteoporosis or significant bone loss.

3. Surgical Intervention

Parathyroidectomy: The most definitive treatment for hyperparathyroidism is the surgical removal of the affected parathyroid gland(s). This procedure, known as parathyroidectomy, is typically recommended for individuals with primary hyperparathyroidism who have severe symptoms, significantly elevated calcium levels, or complications such as kidney stones or osteoporosis.

There are two main types of parathyroidectomy:

• Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy (MIP): This procedure involves the removal of the affected parathyroid gland(s) through a small incision in the neck. MIP is often performed under local anesthesia and has a shorter recovery time compared to traditional surgery.


• Bilateral Neck Exploration: In cases where the affected parathyroid gland(s) cannot be easily located or if there is suspicion of multiple gland involvement, a bilateral neck exploration may be necessary. This procedure involves a larger incision and a more extensive search for the affected glands.

It is important to note that surgical intervention carries some risks, including damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, which can affect voice quality, and hypoparathyroidism, a condition where the parathyroid glands produce insufficient amounts of PTH. However, these risks are relatively low in experienced hands.

4. Lifestyle Modifications

Regardless of the chosen treatment approach, certain lifestyle modifications can help manage hyperparathyroidism:

• Dietary Changes: Reducing dietary calcium intake, avoiding excessive vitamin D supplementation, and limiting foods high in oxalate (which can contribute to kidney stone formation) may be recommended.


• Hydration: Staying well-hydrated can help prevent kidney stone formation and maintain overall health.


• Exercise: Regular physical activity, especially weight-bearing exercises, can help maintain bone health and reduce the risk of fractures.


• Smoking and Alcohol Cessation: Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption can have positive effects on bone health and overall well-being.

It is crucial for individuals with hyperparathyroidism to work closely with their healthcare providers to determine the most appropriate treatment plan based on their specific condition and needs. Regular monitoring of calcium levels and overall health is essential to ensure optimal management of hyperparathyroidism.